Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #30801: Space Chemistry Unveiled: How Sunlight Transforms Molecules Beyond Earth

The EXPOSE-R2 Photochemistry experiment explored one of the most fascinating frontiers in science: how light and radiation in space can change the very makeup of matter. Developed by Hervé Cottin and supported by ESA and French universities, the experiment placed organic and inorganic compounds in the vacuum of space to study their photochemical reactions. Mounted outside the ISS, these samples were bombarded by ultraviolet light, cosmic rays, and the unfiltered radiation of space.

This experiment provided a glimpse into the early chemistry that might have led to life. Scientists observed how molecules transform in the absence of Earth’s protective atmosphere, giving us insight into prebiotic chemistry on ancient Mars or icy moons. The data revealed that certain molecules could remain stable—or even evolve complex structures—under space conditions, strengthening theories about life's building blocks traveling between planets via meteorites.

The implications stretch beyond chemistry. The results help refine spacecraft material design, protect astronaut health, and prepare for deep-space missions. The long-term exposure data will also inform how scientific payloads are protected and preserved on future interplanetary journeys.

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