Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31242: Hunting Lightning from Space: TGRF Detection with RAAD

Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes (TGRFs) are one of the most mysterious and energetic natural phenomena originating from Earth’s atmosphere. To understand and monitor these rare but powerful events, researchers from Khalifa University and partners launched an advanced observational system aboard the ISS—RAAD (Rapid Acquisition Atmospheric Detector).

TGRFs are short bursts of gamma rays produced during thunderstorms, often emanating from the tops of thunderclouds. Detecting them from space requires precision, speed, and sensitivity, which RAAD delivers using a hybrid sensor array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs).

Under the guidance of Dr. Firas Jarrar and Dr. Prashanth Marpu, the project brings together global partners to develop a miniature but highly sensitive detection platform. RAAD’s mission during Expedition 66 was to detect TGRFs from Low Earth Orbit, helping to map their frequency, intensity, and correlation with storm systems around the globe.

Why is this important? Gamma rays are typically associated with space and radioactive decay, not Earth’s weather. Understanding TGRFs could lead to deeper insights into atmospheric electricity, climate dynamics, and even aviation safety.

This project marks a significant milestone in using small, efficient platforms to perform cutting-edge atmospheric research from space, showcasing what’s possible when international teams collaborate on space innovation.

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