Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31356: When Microbes Fight Back: Tracking Antibiotic Resistance on the ISS

In the world of microbiology, antibiotic resistance is a growing threat. Microbes that evolve to resist medications can cause serious health problems, especially in enclosed environments like the International Space Station (ISS), where medical options are limited.

To investigate this issue in space, Dr. Jack Gilbert from the University of California, San Diego, led an experiment titled "Quantifying Selection for Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria and Fungi on the ISS." This study aimed to understand how space conditions influence the evolution of harmful traits in microorganisms.

During Expeditions 65 and 66, researchers collected microbial samples from different parts of the ISS. These included high-traffic areas, air filters, and equipment surfaces. The samples were analyzed for genes related to antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity—essentially, their ability to cause disease.

The findings were eye-opening. Certain bacteria showed signs of increased resistance to multiple antibiotics. In some cases, resistance-related genes were more active in space samples compared to Earth controls. This suggested that microgravity and radiation might accelerate microbial evolution.

But why does this happen? One theory is that space stressors—such as radiation, limited nutrients, and isolation—trigger genetic mutations or activate dormant genes. These mutations can lead to stronger, more resilient microbes.

The study also emphasized the importance of sanitation. Preventing the buildup of resistant strains requires regular cleaning and monitoring. The insights gained here are not only valuable for the ISS but also for future long-duration missions where resupply and medical care are limited.

This research helps ensure astronaut safety while contributing to our broader understanding of microbial evolution.

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