Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31462: Why Astronauts Experience Back Pain in Space

Back pain isn’t just an Earth-bound problem. In fact, many astronauts report experiencing low back pain during spaceflight, especially in the first few days. The Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space Flight, led by Dr. Chris Snijders from the University Medical Center in Rotterdam, set out to understand this common but poorly understood issue.

In microgravity, the spine stretches because there’s no gravity compressing it. This elongation can lead to discomfort or pain, especially in the lower back. Understanding why this happens and how to prevent it is crucial—not only for astronaut well-being but also for mission success.

This research involved measuring changes in the spine, muscles, and posture of astronauts before, during, and after their missions. By analyzing spinal alignment, muscle function, and reported pain levels, scientists could pinpoint the physical changes that contribute to discomfort.

The results showed that muscle deconditioning and spinal elongation both play major roles. The core muscles that stabilize the lower back weaken in space due to disuse. At the same time, the spine’s discs expand, which can put pressure on nerves and cause pain.

Based on these findings, space agencies have implemented more targeted exercises for core strength, posture correction, and back muscle activation. This helps reduce pain and also supports spinal health for astronauts returning to Earth.

But the study’s impact goes further. Insights from this research are helping people on Earth who suffer from chronic low back pain—especially those with sedentary lifestyles or spine-related conditions. It’s a perfect example of how space research can improve health for everyone.

By tackling one of the most common astronaut health issues, this study is paving the way for safer, more comfortable long-duration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

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