Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31503: How Heat Behaves in Space: Lessons from the Nanoracks Heat Transfer Experiment

Have you ever wondered how heat moves in space? On Earth, we’re used to feeling heat radiating from the Sun, our heaters, or even a hot cup of tea. But when you’re floating in space—where there’s no air to carry heat—things behave differently. That’s what the Nanoracks Heat Transfer (Ax-2) experiment set out to explore aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Led by Lauren Milord from DreamUp and developed by Nanoracks LLC, this educational project was flown during Expedition 69. It offered students and scientists a chance to explore how thermal energy transfers in microgravity. Understanding this is crucial not only for designing better spacecraft but also for creating systems that keep astronauts safe and comfortable.

So, how does heat transfer work in space? On Earth, heat moves in three main ways: conduction (like heat moving through a metal rod), convection (warm air rising and cold air sinking), and radiation (like the warmth you feel from sunlight). But in the microgravity of the ISS, convection is practically nonexistent. That means scientists have to rely on conduction and radiation—and that’s not always enough.

The Nanoracks Heat Transfer experiment introduced controlled heat sources and sensors into a sealed container, allowing observations of how heat moved through different materials without gravity’s influence. Students could study the patterns of heat dissipation and draw conclusions that apply to real-world space systems.

The results? A deeper understanding of how to build better thermal control systems for satellites, space stations, and future Mars habitats. This experiment also served as an amazing educational opportunity, showing students how science is done in real-time—250 miles above Earth.

Why does this matter to you? Because tomorrow’s spacecraft will need precise thermal systems to keep electronics cool and life support functioning. The knowledge gained here will help shape the next generation of explorers.

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