Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31610: Bugs in Space: How Mealworms' Skeletons Change in Microgravity

Mealworms may seem like unlikely astronauts, but these tiny insects are helping us unlock big mysteries about life in space. In an experiment led by McMinnville High School, students explored how microgravity affects the exoskeleton density of mealworms aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

Exoskeletons give insects structure and protection. They are crucial for mobility, water retention, and defense. On Earth, their development is influenced by gravity, which helps regulate internal pressure and shape. But what happens when mealworms grow without gravity pulling on them?

The student-designed experiment sent mealworm larvae into space during Expeditions 39/40. Their development was monitored and compared to a control group on Earth. After the mission, both groups were studied to assess differences in exoskeleton density.

What they found was fascinating. Space-grown mealworms had thinner, more fragile exoskeletons. Some showed irregularities in shape or molting patterns. These changes suggest that gravity plays a key role in forming strong, consistent biological structures.

Beyond entomology, the findings have broader implications. If insects are ever used as a protein source in space habitats, understanding how their bodies develop in microgravity is essential. It also adds to our knowledge of how bones and similar systems in other organisms—including humans—might change in space.

This project showcases how even the smallest creatures can yield cosmic insights. And how student curiosity can lead to real scientific breakthroughs.

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