Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #31673: How Melanin Helps Bacteria Thrive in Space: A Study by Singapore American School

The International Space Station (ISS) has served as a remarkable platform for scientific exploration, enabling researchers from around the globe to test hypotheses in an environment unlike any on Earth. One such fascinating experiment is NanoRacks-Singapore American School’s investigation into the role of melanin in promoting the growth of *Escherichia coli* (E. coli), a bacterium commonly found in the human gut.

Melanin, widely recognized for giving skin its color and protecting against ultraviolet radiation, is also being explored for its potential protective effects in space. The harsh conditions aboard the ISS—exposure to radiation, microgravity, and limited nutrient availability—make it an excellent location to assess whether melanin can bolster microbial resilience and support cellular functions.

The Singapore American School, in collaboration with Valley Christian High School and the Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology, designed a microgravity experiment where E. coli was cultivated in the presence and absence of melanin. By comparing growth rates and overall bacterial health, the team aimed to determine if melanin enhances biological sustainability in space.

Why E. coli? It’s a well-understood, easy-to-grow bacterium that serves as a model organism in many scientific studies. If melanin shows beneficial effects on E. coli, it may also help other organisms thrive in extraterrestrial environments, potentially aiding future long-duration space missions or bio-regenerative life support systems.

Back on Earth, data analysis will examine colony morphology, reproduction rates, and potential genetic changes. This kind of student-led initiative not only brings valuable insights to astrobiology and microbial research but also equips young scientists with hands-on experience in experimental design and data interpretation.

The implications of this research extend far beyond bacteria. Understanding how melanin can serve as a protective biomolecule in space could influence the development of shielding materials for human cells or entire habitats, reducing radiation risks for astronauts.

Ultimately, this project demonstrates how educational and cultural activities on the ISS spark innovation, encourage international collaboration, and inspire the next generation of space explorers.

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