Agnirva Space Premier League - Expedition #32573: How Space Travel Alters DNA: A Deep Dive into Twin Genomes in Orbit

The experiment titled 'Comprehensive Whole Genome Analysis of Differential Epigenetic Effects of Space Travel on Monozygotic Twins' is a cornerstone in understanding how spaceflight can affect the human genome. Involving identical twin astronauts, this study zeroed in on epigenetics—the layer of biochemical changes that affect how genes are expressed without altering the DNA sequence itself. Identical twins, who share the same genetic makeup, offer a unique control-versus-variable scenario. By sending one twin into space while the other remained on Earth, researchers created a rare opportunity to isolate the effects of microgravity, radiation, and other space-related stressors on gene regulation.

Scientists collected biological samples from both twins before, during, and after the mission. Through cutting-edge sequencing technologies, they assessed DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications, key epigenetic markers. The research uncovered transient but notable changes in the spacefaring twin’s genome, which largely returned to baseline post-flight. These changes affected gene pathways involved in immune function, cell repair, and stress response, giving scientists crucial data about how the human body adapts at the molecular level in space.

This investigation not only enhances our understanding of space biology but also serves as a testbed for personalized medicine and long-duration spaceflight health strategies.

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